Turabian Citation Guide
9th Edition
Turabian (9th Edition, Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers) is a student-tailored adaptation of Chicago style designed specifically for research papers, theses, and dissertations.
When Should You Use Turabian?
- Student term papers & essays
- Undergraduate & Master's theses
- History & humanities assignments
- Religious studies & philosophy papers
- Graduate research projects
Book Citation Example (Turabian 9th Bibliography)
Smith, John. Research Design for Students. 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2024.
Footnote / Endnote Example (Turabian 9th Notes)
1. John Smith, Research Design for Students, 9th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2024), 45.
Subsequent shortened note: 2. Smith, Research Design, 48.
Journal Article Example (Turabian 9th)
Smith, John. “Student Methodologies in Practice.” Academic Journal 15, no. 2 (2024): 101–115.
Website Example (Turabian 9th)
World Health Organization. “Mental Health Guidelines.” Accessed August 20, 2024. https://www.who.int.
Turabian Author-Date Variant (Social Sciences)
Parenthetical in-text: (Smith 2024, 45)
Reference list: Smith, John. 2024. Research Design for Students. 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Common Citation Mistakes
- Missing publication dates
- Incorrect author formatting
- Missing page numbers where required
- Incorrect capitalization
- Improper reference ordering
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