Turabian Citation Guide

9th Edition

Turabian (9th Edition, Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers) is a student-tailored adaptation of Chicago style designed specifically for research papers, theses, and dissertations.

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When Should You Use Turabian?

Student term papers & essays
Undergraduate & Master's theses
History & humanities assignments
Religious studies & philosophy papers
Graduate research projects

Book Citation Example (Turabian 9th Bibliography)

Smith, John. Research Design for Students. 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2024.

Footnote / Endnote Example (Turabian 9th Notes)

1. John Smith, Research Design for Students, 9th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2024), 45.
Subsequent shortened note: 2. Smith, Research Design, 48.

Journal Article Example (Turabian 9th)

Smith, John. “Student Methodologies in Practice.” Academic Journal 15, no. 2 (2024): 101–115.

Website Example (Turabian 9th)

World Health Organization. “Mental Health Guidelines.” Accessed August 20, 2024. https://www.who.int.

Turabian Author-Date Variant (Social Sciences)

Parenthetical in-text: (Smith 2024, 45)
Reference list: Smith, John. 2024. Research Design for Students. 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Common Citation Mistakes

Missing publication dates
Incorrect author formatting
Missing page numbers where required
Incorrect capitalization
Improper reference ordering

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